| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
The beginning of industrial policy by the National Assembly goes back to the second period. In this period until the end of the fourth period, laws were approved in the field of industry, but these approvals were not implemented due to structural reasons. In the fifth period, at the same time as Iran entered the stage of industrial development, the process of industrial policymaking by the parliament also entered a new stage. The fifth parliament, taking into account the planning and decision-making system, officially made policies in the field of industry, and this process continued until the end of the twelfth term. During 8 periods, according to many political, social and economic needs of the Pahlavi government, industrial development policies were approved in the form of laws. The main issue of the current research is to explain the role of the National Assembly in the policy making of Iran's industrial development during the first Pahlavi era. This article deals with the statistical analysis of the aforementioned laws with a qualitative method and has tried to analyze the role and position of the parliament in the process of industrial policy-making in the first Pahlavi era. Introduction Since the beginning of the modernization movement in Iran, industrial development was one of the ideals of intellectuals and constitutionalists, but these plans were not successful due to the weak economic structure of the country and the movements of foreign forces. With the formation of the National Assembly, legislation and policy making in the field of modernization and industrial development began. The first exclusive law in the field of industry in the second session of the National Assembly entitled "Leather and Soap Factory Establishment Privilege Law to Rabizadeh and Partners" was approved by the members of the parliament. Further, until the end of the fourth term, laws were approved in the field of industry. In the fifth term and with the change of government, the process of industrial policy by the parliament also entered a new stage. Until now, various studies and researches have addressed the issue of modernization and development of industry in the first Pahlavi period, but the role of the parliament as one of the pillars of governance in this period, in the process of industrial development and the effects of its approvals on the industrial structure of Iran, has been paid less attention. Therefore, this article deals with the role and importance of governance in the industrialization of the country, specifically examining the approvals of the National Assembly, their programs, policies and industrial decisions. A period in which a large number of approvals were approved in the field of industry. V. Methodology: The present research has analyzed the aforementioned laws with a qualitative method and has tried to analyze the programs, policies and industrial decisions and the role and position of the parliament in the process of industrial policy-making during the first Pahlavi period (1925-1941); A period which, according to many historians and experts, is the beginning of modernism in Iran. Since in this period, in addition to the country's income resources that were at the disposal of the government, the government's direct monopoly, which was the dominant form of economic resource monopoly, and its transfer by the government, whether the parliament could be effective in relation to industrial policy, is the subject of this article. It has been addressed. Results and discussion: The National Assembly, the most important achievement of the constitutional revolution, during the first Pahlavi era, paid attention to the advancement of the country's reform and development project and addressed the industry category. The findings of the research show that during this period, many of the programs that were approved by the Shura Council were ordered by the king or the court and therefore lacked the scientific support needed for implementation. Weakness in the process of investigation and research should be investigated more than anything in the construction of political power during the first Pahlavi period and the rotation of power from the parliament to the government and of course the nature of the parliament. In this period, while government concentration was a tool in the process of capital accumulation, corruption and the lack of initiative to be encouraged were contrary to pursuing a coherent and continuous industrial policy. The approved laws of this period created a big leap in development, but did not provide the factors of development in terms of quantity and quality, the reason of which, in addition to the structure of the Pahlavi government, goes back to the social and economic conditions of Iran before this period. In addition to the mentioned internal factors, the external factor of Iran's integration into the world market of the capitalist system and the fluctuations of the world market also had a profound effect on the nature of economic policies and the creation of financial resources. Since during the first Pahlavi era, the country's revenue sources were under the control of the government, therefore, the role of the parliament could not be effective in relation to industrial policy and was monopolized by the government. In addition to direct government monopoly, which was the dominant form of economic resource monopoly, in some cases the government gave away some privileges by receiving royalties. The findings of the research show that although the laws approved by the parliament accelerated social changes, the characteristics governing the discourse environment, the interference and control of the government's decisions in all affairs and institutions, caused the legislative body of the parliament to approve laws that are aimed at consolidating absolute power. Was the government, until the real needs of a coherent industrial development program and therefore did not provide the development factors in terms of quantity and quality. Conclusion: During the Pahlavi period, the government structure and decision-making system were focused on the institution of monarchy and government. The motivation of the government was to provide financial resources to create political concentration. In fact, it was the establishment of legal institutions in line with the exercise of individual sovereignty that helped the Shah to establish a powerful central government. Therefore, the parliament became an organization for approving the government's approvals and removed the parliament from its real function, which is to support the national industry. |