| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
The column "Cherandprand" in the third issue of "Sourasrafil" magazine is about a scholar who, on the one hand, was rumored to have his leg amputated, and on the other hand, received money from some constitutional opponents, but this name was removed from that column. This research is based on the question why a name has been audited in the text of "Cherandparand"? Who is the owner of that name and why has his ananame been withheld, and most importantly, what historical points does the removal of this name reveal from that turbulent era. This research, is based on the method of content analysis on the texts of "Cherandparand" and its analysis based on other texts and documents of that time, investigates the hypothesis that this name that was deleted is the name of Sheikh Fazlullah Nouri, and this deletion can be based on the process of constitutional distancing. The petitioner and Sheikh analyzed. Based on the findings of this research, it can be said that the hypothesis of the research is correct. The comparison of this text with other texts of "Cherandparand" which is about the sheikh shows that until he joined the sit-in of the constitutional opponents in Abdul Azim's shrine, despite the differences, the constitutionalists still respected the sheikh and on the other hand the sheikh had a tendency to stay at home. to avoid further confrontation with the constitutionalists, but the events take place in such a way that he is forced to appear in the community and officially and publicly oppose the constitution, and after that, nothing of his respect and credibility remains with the constitutionalists; A situation that eventually turns into a deep-rooted enmity, which is the prelude to the Sheikh's execution. Introduction Some events and developments of Iranian society has been very effective on the country's history and social relations after them. One of these important events was the constitutional movement. In this era, in the same proportion as there were changes in the institution of government and politics, there were also vast changes in culture, beliefs, social relations, economy, art and literature. The scope of these developments has made the historical study of this period very important, and secondly, despite the many researches that have been done in this field, there are still many unfinished works. "Formation of the press" and publication of newspapers is one of the important features of this era. One of these publications was Suresrafil weekly newspaper, which was managed with the financial support of Qasim Tabrizi (who later became the Minister of Posts and Telegraphs) and the efforts of Jahangir Shirazi and the cooperation of Ali Akbar Dehkhoda. Dehkhoda used to write critical and sarcastic pieces in the Souresrafil weekly newspaper under the name "Charandparand". Suresrafil was considered one of the most popular publications of that time. The main reason for the success of this publication was its humorous column, Charandparand; because colloquial language and humor were new tools to express new thoughts and were catchier. But another aspect of the importance of these writings, which has been less noticed and cared, is its historical importance. Since humor provides the possibility for the author to say some unsaid or unsaid things indirectly and with a non-serious expression, historical points can be found in these texts that are not found in other texts. Certainly, the references that Dehkhoda had in these sarcastic writings to historical issues were clear to the reader of Suresrafil at that time but as time passed, it needed clarification. Some of these references talk about issues that have been almost forgotten in history. Materials and Methods What this article deals with is one of these references. In one of the "Charandparand’s" texts, it is mentioned a religious scholar in Tehran that it is rumored that his leg was amputated, and on the other hand, it is discussed that he took money from constitutional enemies. However, in the printed text, Dehkhoda had removed the name of this scholar and replaced it with "three dots (...) In this article, by the method of content analysis and the use of evidence and documents, by examining and identifying this omitted name in the text of "Charandparand" and analyzing the reason for its censorship by the author or the editors of the publication at the time of publication, to analyze an important story at the top of the constitution. That is, the difference of opinion and enmity of the constitutional petitioners with Sheikh Fazlullah Nouri is addressed. In this way, this research, which was formed by using the library sources of "Charandparand" texts and analyzing it on the basis of other texts and documents of that time, has a novel subject and an innovative aspect. The main question of this research is, who is the name deleted in Charandprand's text and why, despite the fact that there was no conservatism in Suresrafil, this name was deleted. The desired hypothesis is that the name that fits this text is the name of Sheikh Fazlollah Nouri, and his name was removed according to the special circumstances of that day. Results and discussion The text under the title "Akhbare Shahri" is a part of the "Charandparand" column published in the third issue of Suresrafil dated "1st Jamadi-al-ula 1325" and signed by "Sage Hasan Dale". In this text, three names have been removed and replaced by "three dots": the name of a religious scholar who is ridiculed and the names of two doctors who come to visit and treat him. What is important is the name of that scholar. The first possibility that can be given about this person is that he is "Sheikh Fazlollah Nouri", who is famous in historical texts for his opposition to the constitutionalists and his claim of taking money from the government and opponents of the constitution. This issue is clearly stated in the next issues of Suresrafil, but in addition to that, in the writings of Walter Smart, the reporter of the British Embassy in the constitutional period (Moaser, 1348: 379), Janet Afari (1385: 153), Kaseravi (1382, 456), Forsat Al-Dawlah Shirazi (refer to: Malekzade, 1383: 570), Heydar Khan Amuughli (Rezazade Malek, 1351: 63) and ... are also evident. Examining the references in the text shows that the possibility that the omitted name is the name of Sheikh Fazlollah Nouri is likely to be true: A- The people mentioned in this text are all opponents of the constitution who played an important role against the constitution in those days. "Palkonik" refers to the military title of the Russian Liakhov, who was brought to Iran to command the Cossacks brigade and was one of the enemies of the constitution, and at the end he bombarded and suppressed the parliament. Akbar Shah (Ashraf al-Waezin Shirazi) was one of the famous pulpits of Tehran who used to slander the constitution and parliament (Kermani, 1357: 346). "Haji-Agha Mohsen", "Heshmat-ul-Molk", "Asif-al-Dawlah" and "Qawam" (Qawam-ul-Mulk Shirazi) were all wealthy political figures who opposed the constitution in different cities. In this order, naturally, the scholar in question must also be one of the opponents of the constitution. B- Place of the incident: The house where Sheikh Fazlollah lived was in Sangelaj neighborhood. The address that the narrator of the text says also shows this neighborhood: "At the end of the night, when I was returning from the park tired and dead, in front of the Armenian school ...” The meaning of "park" can be a place that was later known as "National Garden" in the first Pahlavi era and was a public promenade and was located in the north of Sangelj neighborhood. The narrator first attended the Parliament (Baharistan Square), then went to the Russian Embassy, and then went to places that do not have a geographic address. He "returned" to their neighborhood at the end of the night, and in this return, he passed the park, which is located between the Russian Embassy and Sangelaj neighborhood; but the more important reference to this neighborhood is the "Armenian School". A map that remains from 1891 shows that there was an "Armenian school" in Sangelaj in addition to the Armenian house. P- Receiving money: The claim of receiving several thousand Tomans from "Heshmat-ul-Molk" by Sheikh Fazlollah Nouri is a matter that was also mentioned in the telegram sent from the parliament to different cities 23 days after the publication of this text. In this telegram, it was stated: "Haji Sheikh Fazollah Noori ... not long ago, he made a bold attempt to establish the government of Sistan and Qaen in favor of Heshmat al-Mulk, because the Parliament did not approve the His government due to many considerations, even though it is in conflict with the Holy Parliament made it public..." (Kasravi, 2012: 395 and 396). CONCLUSIONS Examining the transformation of the published materials about Sheikh Fazlollah Nouri in Souresrafil newspaper, and especially the "Charandparand" column of this newspaper, recounts the neglected historical points about the confrontation between Sheikh Fazlollah Nouri and the constitutionalists. Sheikh Fazlollah did not intend to make his opposition public. At that time, the Sheikh had stayed at home so that his confrontation with the constitutionalists would not increase, but there were various rumors about him to bring him to the attention of the people. The presence of Sheikh Fazlollah in the sit-in of the constitutional opponents in the shrine of Hazrate Abdul Azim on the 9th of Jumadi al-ula (29 Khordad) deals a final blow to his sanctity. In such a way that it is no longer possible to reconciling. Acknowledgement In carrying out this research, no financial aid was received from any organization or institution and this research was done independently by the authors of the article. |