| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
This article examines the development strategies and developments in the fifth plan of the Pahlavi period (1973-1977) and especially focuses on the construction and rural modernization period. In this program, the main goal was to develop civil infrastructure in rural areas, which included creating civil areas, implementing infrastructure and educational projects, improving the skills and knowledge of villagers, and improving their living conditions. In this regard, the article analyzes the position of rural development and modernization in the fifth program and answers two key questions using the descriptive-analytical method: First, what were the most important goals and strategies for rural development and modernization in this program? And second, what were the most important implementation challenges of this program? The results of the research show that the main strategies of this program include creating the necessary infrastructure for the development of villages, providing drinking water, improving health and treatment, and creating cultural and educational facilities and planning to create rural development areas. It was to facilitate the implementation of construction and development projects in the regions. On the other hand, the ambiguity in policies and executive policies, the lack of precise definition of the concepts of city and village, weakness in the decision-making bases for the allocation of financial resources, and the lack of coordination in the implementation of construction projects, including There were factors that prevented the achievement of the expected success in the field of rural development in the fifth urban plan. In addition, the article examines the social and economic effects of this program on the lives of the villagers and tries to create a comprehensive picture by analyzing the available data. To present the challenges and successes of this course. This survey can be used as a valuable resource for future research in the field of rural development and urban planning. Introduction In recent decades, rural development has emerged as a fundamental pillar of economic and social planning in developing countries. Within this context, the Fifth Development Plan (1973-1977) during the Pahlavi era played a significant role in improving living conditions in rural areas. The plan aimed to bring about fundamental changes in the social and economic structures of villages by addressing the needs and challenges present in these areas. Prioritizing rural construction and renovation, it sought to implement various projects designed to enhance the quality of life for rural residents and increase their capabilities.This article analyzes the strategies and developments in construction during this plan, focusing on its objectives, challenges, and outcomes. Given the importance of this topic, the article aims to answer two key questions using a descriptive-analytical method: first, what were the main objectives and strategies for rural construction and renovation in this plan? And second, what were the most significant challenges encountered in its implementation?Furthermore, this exploration not only sheds light on the historical context of rural development initiatives but also provides insights into the effectiveness of the strategies employed, contributing to a better understanding of rural development practices in similar contexts today. By examining the successes and shortcomings of the Fifth Development Plan, this article aims to inform current and future rural development policies, ensuring that lessons learned can guide effective interventions that address the unique needs of rural communities. Ultimately, the findings of this study may serve as a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners engaged in rural development efforts worldwide. Methodology This study employs a qualitative research approach to analyze renovation within the framework of the Fifth Development Plan (1973-1977). The methodology includes a comprehensive document analysis of primary and secondary sources, such as government reports and archival materials, to contextualize the strategies and challenges faced during this period. This analysis aims to provide a thorough understanding of the objectives set forth in the plan and the realities of its implementation.Additionally, a historical contextualization is conducted to understand the socio-economic conditions of rural areas, examining demographic and economic indicators that influenced the effectiveness of the development strategies. This context is crucial for assessing how external factors impacted the success of the initiatives outlined in the Fifth Development Plan.The study also incorporates a comparative analysis of rural development strategies from other regions or periods to identify best practices and assess the effectiveness of the Fifth Development Plan. By comparing these strategies, the research aims to highlight successful approaches that could have been adapted or implemented to enhance the outcomes of the Fifth Plan. Result and Discussion The results of this research indicate that the Fifth Development Plan during the Pahlavi era aimed to improve living conditions in rural areas and enhance construction infrastructure through various strategies. The main objectives of this plan included creating the necessary infrastructure for rural development, providing drinking water, improving health and medical services, and establishing cultural and educational facilities. These objectives were designed to facilitate the implementation of construction and development projects in rural regions. On the other hand, several execution challenges hindered the achievement of these goals. Ambiguity in policies and executive guidelines, a lack of precise definitions of urban and rural concepts, weaknesses in decision-making foundations for resource allocation, and insufficient coordination in the implementation of construction projects were among the factors that prevented the expected successes in rural construction. The discussion of these results suggests that achieving sustainable development in rural areas requires careful planning and coordination among various institutions. Additionally, paying attention to the real needs of rural residents and involving them in the decision-making process can enhance the outcomes of construction programs. Engaging local communities not only fosters a sense of ownership but also ensures that the initiatives are tailored to meet the specific needs and preferences of the residents. Moreover, the findings highlight the importance of establishing clear policies and guidelines that define the roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders involved in rural development. This clarity can help streamline processes and improve the efficiency of resource allocation.Furthermore, fostering collaboration between governmental bodies, non-governmental organizations, and local communities can create a more integrated approach to rural development, leading to more sustainable outcomes. Conclusions The Fifth Development Plan (1973-1977) was designed with the aim of developing and renovating rural areas while improving the living conditions of rural residents. This program included several key strategies formulated to achieve developmental goals in the field of rural construction. These strategies encompassed the development of essential infrastructure, balanced distribution of investments, strengthening production and employment, coordination with industrial development, addressing the real needs of rural residents, enhancing local participation, and providing technical and vocational training to villagers.However, in practice, this program faced numerous challenges that hindered the realization of its objectives. Among the main challenges were the lack of familiarity of officials with fundamental goals and essential policies, shortages of human resources and technical equipment, neglect of small villages, and the acceptance of projects without consideration of execution capabilities and priorities. These issues not only led to inefficiencies in project implementation but also exacerbated inequalities in the distribution of resources and services, ultimately diminishing the quality of life for rural residents. In conclusion, while the Fifth Development Plan laid a foundation for rural development, its shortcomings highlighted the importance of thorough planning, stakeholder engagement, and adaptive management in future initiatives. By addressing these challenges and learning from past experiences, policymakers and planners could create more effective strategies that not only improved living conditions in rural areas but also promoted equity and sustainability in rural development efforts. This reflection served as a crucial reminder that successful rural development required a holistic approach that considered the complexities of rural life and the diverse needs of its residents. |