| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
With the formation of the Saljuq government of Kerman during the 5th century AH, and especially since the Saljuq king Turanshah; Gradually, an important transformation took place in the economic structure of the southern regions of Iran and the trade between the ports and islands of the Persian Gulf with other commercial centers outside the borders of Iran, such as the ports of the subcontinent of India and China. Therefore, the present article, using the historical method and using library studies, aims to analyze the results of the relations between the Saljuq rulers and the local Rulers of the Persian Gulf on the trade situation in the southern regions of Iran. The findings of the research indicate that the support of the Saljuqs of Kerman.to the kings of Bani Qaisar of Kish not only strengthened their political power, but also caused this island to become more and more prosperous and replace Siraf.
Introduction
Commercial centers in the Saljuq era are cities, ports and islands that were both directly controlled and commanded by the Saljuq ruler in Kerman, or because of the authority of this dynasty, the rulers of the ports and islands of the Persian Gulf were forced to obey. In both cases, many revenues flowed to the court of this government. Among them, the share of ports and islands such as Bandar Tiz, Old Hormuz and Kish Island, which were under the control of this family, is very important. Therefore, the main question of the current research is: What was the role of the Saljuqs of Kerman in the commercial prosperity or stagnation of the Persian Gulf (especially Kish Island) and the trade route between the islands and ports of this waterway with the commercial centers in Kerman and the Indo-Chinese subcontinent. how was it What necessitated the writing of this article is, on the one hand, addressing a neglected issue, namely the political-economic impact of the Saljuq rule of Kerman on the commercial prosperity or stagnation of the Persian Gulf during the fifth and sixth centuries, and on the other hand, examining the actions of King Turanshah and King Arslanshah I of Saljuq in The relationship with the rulers of the islands and ports of this bay is similar to the kings of Bani Qaisar (princes of Kish).
Methodology
In the present research, the research method is the historical method with descriptive and analytical approach. The materials extracted from the first-hand sources and new researches are organized according to the type of subject and chronological sequence, and then the data of the sources and sources are evaluated based on historical criteria and the authenticity of the materials based on preference to documents or the reliability of the narrator. In the end, by using the law of conformity and the rule of rational preference, the opinions of historians and researchers are criticized, and the content is written while presenting new opinions.
Result and Discussion
The support of the Saljuqs of Kerman to the kings of Bani Qaisar not only provided the means to consolidate their political power, but also caused this island to become more and more prosperous and gain the former position of Siraf. Countless commercial goods were brought to Kish from all over the world that day and were exchanged between merchants and tradesmen. Based on the materials provided by the local chronicles of Kerman and especially the works of the famous historian, Afzal al-ddin Abu Hamid Kermani, and mentioned in the text; The Indian subcontinent is one of the regions where most commercial goods are exchanged between its ports and islands and ports such as Kish and Tiz. With the control of the Saljuqs of Kerman over the port of Tiz and the island of Kish, a new route was found for the exchange of commercial goods within the territory of the Saljuqs of Kerman with the Persian Gulf, and many goods came from this route and through the commercial centers of Kerman such as Narmashir, Bam, Khabis, Bardsir, Kohbanan, etc. were exchanged. As a result of the increasing efforts of the Saljuqs of Kerman, the area of Qomadin in Jiroft had turned into one of the international merchants of that day, and according to the local chronicles of Kerman, traders and merchants of many different nations, including Indians, Chinese, and Egyptians, Abyssinians, Armenians and Zanzibars bought Business room and were engaged in business in this commercial port.
Conclusions
By reflecting on the local chronicles of Kerman and the geographical sources discussed in the text, it can be seen that the peak of this commercial prosperity is related to the reign of some Saljuq rulers of Kerman, such as King Turanshah I and King Arslanshah I, which is roughly between the second half of In the fifth century and the first half of the sixth century, they ruled over the regions of Kerman, Hormuz, Oman and Makran. Of course, it is also necessary to state that the authority of the Saljuqs over Kerman and their efforts for the economic prosperity of this area, especially the commercial centers in Kerman and the ports and islands of the Persian Gulf, were not permanent, and factors such as the political, social and economic disturbances of the late Saljuq era The reason for the challenges between the sons of Toghrelshah over the throne of Kerman, as well as the invasion of Oghuz Turkmen to Kerman and their killing and looting, caused insecurity and, as a result, the economic stagnation of the commercial centers. |