| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
The main problem of this research is to know the role of the concept of "national Question" in the thought of the leaders of Guerrillas Fadaei Khalgh Organization in the presence and action of this organization in Gonbad and Kurdistan’s Rebellion and the effort has been that this problem is based on the method of internal and empathetic understanding of the motivations and actions of the organization in these two Rebellions and with an emphasis on understanding the concept of "national Question" in the thought of the International Communist Front and its deposition in the thought and struggle policy of the Iran's left groups and parties, especially the Guerrillas Fadaei Khalgh Organization, should be analyzed and why their presence in these rebellions with a separatist background can be explained with an inner understanding of their theoretical thoughts. The hypothesis of this research is also based on the principle that the main motivation and model of action of the Guerrillas Fadaei Khalgh organization in Gonbad and Kurdistan is based on the doctrine of solving the "national Question" in the global leftist thought, in the “Multi-national” countries and the organization is based on this doctrine that “the way Achieving the complete liberation of the peoples requires the solution of the "national Question", entered and played a role in the struggle of Gonbad and Kurdistan. The Result of This Research Shows that this Organization, which Failed to Get a Proper Share of Political Power After Overthrowing the Pahlavi Government, Saw the Sedition of Gonbad and Kurdistan as a Golden Opportunity to Achieve Political Power by Creating Autonomy in These Regions and in this Way, the Reflection of Lenin-Stalin's Views on the "National Question" has been the Main Ideology and Road Map in the Operation of This Organization in the Sedition of Gonbad and Kurdistan. Introduction: Marxist-socialist ideas and definitions of “nationality” and “national identity” were one of these famous approaches to the issue of "national identity" and "nation-state" in the contemporary history of the world, With the help of processing the concept of "national question" in the thought of the global Marxist, it was also entered into the intellectual system of Iranian political activists. The entrance of the concept of the “national question” in the political and cultural literature of Iran began with the Communist Party of Iran and was followed by the Tudeh Party. These two Iranian Marxist parties, based on the teachings of the global left front and the “Internationale” concept, pursued the solution of the national problem in Iran and, in their opinion, the liberation of the people from the national and religious chauvinism that was imposed on them by the oppressive governments. Their heritage in this matter reached other later Marxist groups, such as the Fadaeian Khalqh Guerrillas organization, to make this issue one of the main pillars of their fighting strategy in the Sedition of Gonbad and Kurdistan. According to the investigations carried out to date, the independent research which has been carried out from the perspective of the internal discourse and in accordance with the analysis of the "national question" concept to investigate and analyze the presence of the Fadaeian Khalqh Guerrillas organization in rebellion of Gonbad and Kurdistan after the victory of the revolution, Has not been And the researches that have been carried out on this subject up to now have mostly focused on the description of this presence, under the historiography of the events of these two rebellions. In his book (2019), Khaje-nejad only mentioned the incidents of the Turkmen Sahara and the two Gonbad wars and their contexts and in the research which published by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (1980) the issue of conflicts in Kurdistan after the revolution was also discussed. In this work, no effort has been made to investigate the goals and motives of the Fadaeian Khalqh Guerrillas in their widespread presence in Kurdistan rebellions After the Islamic revolution. Mahmoud Naderi in his books (2008 and 2012) has only examined the political currents in line with the organization in the majority of Kurdistan with a historical perspective. The innovation of this research in examining the causes and reasons and analyzing the organization's presence in the two mentioned events based on the concept of the national question and an internal understanding of the organization's action is not seen in any of those researches. Methodology: The main problem of this research is to know the role of the concept of "national Question" in the thought of the leaders of Guerrillas Fadaei Khalgh Organization in the presence and action of this organization in Gonbad and Kurdistan’s Rebellion and the effort has been that this problem is based on the method of internal and empathetic understanding of the motivations and actions of the organization in these two Rebellions and with an emphasis on understanding the concept of "national Question" in the thought of the International Communist Front and its deposition in the thought and struggle policy of the Iran's left groups and parties, especially the Guerrillas Fadaei Khalgh Organization, should be analyzed and why their presence in these rebellions with a separatist background can be explained with an inner understanding of their theoretical thoughts. The hypothesis of this research is also based on the principle that the main motivation and model of action of the Guerrillas Fadaei Khalgh organization in Gonbad and Kurdistan is based on the doctrine of solving the "national Question" in the global leftist thought, in the “Multi-national” countries and the organization is based on this doctrine that “the way Achieving the complete liberation of the peoples requires the solution of the "national Question", entered and played a role in the struggle of Gonbad and Kurdistan. Result and Discussion: The Result of This Research Shows that this Organization, which Failed to Get a Proper Share of Political Power After Overthrowing the Pahlavi Government, Saw the Sedition of Gonbad and Kurdistan as a Golden Opportunity to Achieve Political Power by Creating Autonomy in These Regions and in this Way, the Reflection of Lenin-Stalin's Views on the "National Question" has been the Main Ideology and Road Map in the Operation of This Organization in the Sedition of Gonbad and Kurdistan. The Guerrillas Fadaei Khalgh Organization, which inherited the discussion of "national independence" and "the right to self-determination" by ethnic groups, or as they call it, "nations" from the expansion of the Internationale concept, in the political doctrine and struggles of international communism and its predecessor's communist parties in Iran, stabilized this concept in the political atmosphere of Iran and by taking advantage of the plan presented by Lenin and Stalin, means, "the right to self-determination up to the border of separatism", they entered into political and campaigning activities in the events of Gonbad and Kurdistan after the victory of the Islamic Revolution. By introducing concepts such as national and international question into two internal rebellions with ethnic and separatist plot, the Fadaei Khalgh Organization In addition to providing theoretical fodder for these movements, in the light of these events, it was able to gain a basis for seeking a share of power and political sovereignty in Iran after the victory of the revolution which, according to them, had given them neither a share of political power nor a share of their ideals. Finally, due to the widespread opposition of the revolutionary forces that also had popular support, the organization could not achieve its final goals in these two conflicts. In this article, we tried to understand and narrate the actions of the Fadaei Khalgh Organization with the help of an internal understanding of their ideas and doctrine for the liberation of the peoples in the two provinces of Kurdistan and Gonbad and for this purpose, let's not criticize and judge their actions from the perspective of criteria different from their thoughts. Conclusions: Emphasis on the Iranian element and the common land throughout the history of this country has been an important factor for social bonding and also strengthening the foundation of Iranian national identity and despite the numerous attacks on Iran's political borders in different historical periods and the formation of different governments, the Iranian identity has not been damaged and has continued to exist. However, in the contemporary historical era, the formation of modern concepts such as "nationalism" and "nation-state", which were the result of historical developments in the modern world, caused some parties and groups inside Iran without paying attention to the history and culture of Iranian society and historical patterns of unity, tried to highlight the "national question" in Iran according to its foreign models and seek a solution for it. in the meantime, Marxist-socialist ideas and definitions of nationality and national identity are also one of these approaches that, with the efforts of various internal Marxist groups and with the help of processing the concept of "national question" in global Marxist thought, redefine national identity and its relationship with the others entered the intellectual system of Iranian political activists and it caused the Iranian Marxist organizations and parties, ignoring the unifying historical patterns of the country, to pursue patterns unrelated to the social and cultural life of the country and different from the lived and historical experience of the different ethnic groups that together built the country of Iran and lived in it, make a political and cultural policy that, in addition to not having any results in solving people's problems and providing a better life for them has also caused great losses to the country, division and civil war, and the destructive effects caused by it are still a chronic problem in the way of this country’s development. |